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Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Aurally Aided Visual Search in Three-Dimensional Space

Robert S. Bolia

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

William R. D'Angelo

University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut

Richard L. McKinley

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial audio displays on target acquisition performance. Participants performed a visual search task with and without the aid of a spatial audio display. Potential target locations ranged between plus and minus 180° in azimuth and from -70° to +90° in elevation. Independent variables included the number of visual distractors present (1, 5, 10, 25, 50) and the spatial audio condition (no spatial audio, free-field spatial audio, virtual spatial audio). Results indicated that both free-field and virtual audio cues engendered a significant decrease in search times. Potential applications of this research include the design of spatial audio displays for aircraft cockpits and ground combat vehicles.

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 41, No. 4, 664-669 (1999)
DOI: 10.1518/001872099779656789
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