This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Lee, J. D. Articles by Reyes, M. L. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Lee, J. D. Articles by Reyes, M. L. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Collision Warning Timing, Driver Distraction, and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions in a High-Fidelity Driving Simulator

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Daniel V. McGehee

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Timothy L. Brown

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Michelle L. Reyes

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Rear-end collisions account for almost 30% of automotive crashes. Rear-end collision avoidance systems (RECASs) may offer a promising approach to help drivers avoid these crashes. Two experiments performed using a high-fidelity motion-based driving simulator examined driver responses to evaluate the efficacy of a RECAS. The first experiment showed that early warnings helped distracted drivers react more quickly---and thereby avoid more collisions---than did late warnings or no warnings. Compared with the no-warning condition, an early RECAS warning reduced the number of collisions by 80.7%. Assuming collision severity is proportional to kinetic energy, the early warning reduced collision severity by 96.5%. In contrast, the late warning reduced collisions by 50.0 % and the corresponding severity by 87.5%. The second experiment showed that RECAS benefits even undistracted drivers. Analysis of the braking process showed that warnings provide a potential safety benefit by reducing the time required for drivers to release the accelerator. Warnings do not, however, speed application of the brake, increase maximum deceleration, or affect mean deceleration. These results provide the basis for a computational model of driver performance that was used to extrapolate the findings and identify the most promising parameter settings. Potential applications of these results include methods for evaluating collision warning systems, algorithm design guidance, and driver performance model input.

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 44, No. 2, 314-334 (2002)
DOI: 10.1518/0018720024497844


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. Ho and C. Spence Using Peripersonal Warning Signals to Orient a Driver's Gaze Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, August 1, 2009; 51(4): 539 - 556. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. J. Davidse, M. P. Hagenzieker, P. C. van Wolffelaar, and W. H. Brouwer Effects of In-Car Support on Mental Workload and Driving Performance of Older Drivers Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, August 1, 2009; 51(4): 463 - 476. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. Mohebbi, R. Gray, and H. Z. Tan Driver Reaction Time to Tactile and Auditory Rear-End Collision Warnings While Talking on a Cell Phone Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, February 1, 2009; 51(1): 102 - 110. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. D. Salvucci Modeling Driver Behavior in a Cognitive Architecture Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, January 1, 2006; 48(2): 362 - 380. [Abstract] [PDF]

				B. Donmez, L. N. Boyle, and J. D. Lee The Impact of Distraction Mitigation Strategies on Driving Performance Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, January 1, 2006; 48(4): 785 - 804. [Abstract] [PDF]

				H. Zhang, M. R. H. Smith, and G. J. Witt Identification of Real-Time Diagnostic Measures of Visual Distraction With an Automatic Eye-Tracking System Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, January 1, 2006; 48(4): 805 - 821. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. E. Llaneras, C. A. Green, R. J. Kiefer, W. J. Chundrlik Jr., O. D. Altan, and J. P. Singer Design and Evaluation of a Prototype Rear Obstacle Detection and Driver Warning System Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, January 1, 2005; 47(1): 199 - 215. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T. B. Sheridan Driver Distraction From a Control Theory Perspective Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, January 1, 2004; 46(4): 587 - 599. [Abstract] [PDF]