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Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Using Tactile Features to Help Functionally Blind Individuals Denominate Banknotes

Susan J. Lederman

Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Cheryl Hamilton

Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

This study, which was conducted for the Bank of Canada, assessed the feasibility of presenting a raised texture feature together with a tactile denomination code on the next Canadian banknote series ($5, $10, $20, $50, and $100). Adding information accessible by hand would permit functionally blind individuals to independently denominate banknotes. In Experiment 1, 20 blindfolded, sighted university students denominated a set of 8 alternate tactile feature designs. Across the 8 design series, the proportion of correct responses never fell below .97; the mean response time per banknote ranged from 11.4 to 13.1 s. In Experiment 2, 27 functionally blind participants denominated 4 of the previous 8 candidate sets of banknotes. The proportion of correct responses never fell below .92; the corresponding mean response time per banknote ranged from 11.7 to 13.0 s. The Bank of Canada selected one of the four raised-texture designs for inclusion on its new banknote series. Other potential applications include designing haptic displays for teleoperation and virtual environment systems.

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 44, No. 3, 413-428 (2002)
DOI: 10.1518/0018720024497646
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