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Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Heuristic Automation for Decluttering Tactical Displays

Mark St. John

Pacific Science & Engineering Group, San Diego, California

Harvey S. Smallman

Pacific Science & Engineering Group, San Diego, California

Daniel I. Manes

Pacific Science & Engineering Group, San Diego, California

Bela A. Feher

Space and Naval Warfare System Center, San Diego, California

Jeffrey G. Morrison

Space and Naval Warfare System Center, San Diego, California

Tactical displays can quickly become cluttered with large numbers of symbols that can compromise effective monitoring. Here, we studied how heuristic automation can aid users by intelligently "decluttering" the display. In a realistic simulated naval air defense task, 27 experienced U.S. Navy users monitored a cluttered airspace and executed defensive responses against significant threats. An algorithm continuously evaluated aircraft for their levels of threat and decluttered the less threatening ones by dimming their symbols. Users appropriately distrusted and spot--checked the automation's assessments, and decluttering had very little effect on which aircraft were judged as significantly threatening. Nonetheless, decluttering improved the timeliness of responses to threatening aircraft by 25% as compared with a baseline display with no decluttering; it was especially beneficial for threats in more peripheral locations, and 25 of 27 participants preferred decluttering. Heuristic automation, when properly designed to guide users' attention by decluttering less important objects, may prove valuable in many cluttered monitoring situations, including air traffic management, crisis team management, and tactical situation awareness in general.

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 47, No. 3, 509-525 (2005)
DOI: 10.1518/001872005774860014
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[Abstract] [PDF]