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Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
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Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System

Scott Shappell

Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, hfeng{at}clemson.edu

Cristy Detwiler

Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Kali Holcomb

Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Carla Hackworth

Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Albert Boquet

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida

Douglas A. Wiegmann

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Objective: The aim of this study was to extend previous examinations of aviation accidents to include specific aircrew, environmental, supervisory, and organizational factors associated with two types of commercial aviation (air carrier and commuter/ on-demand) accidents using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Background: HFACS is a theoretically based tool for investigating and analyzing human error associated with accidents and incidents. Previous research has shown that HFACS can be reliably used to identify human factors trends associated with military and general aviation accidents. Method: Using data obtained from both the National Transportation Safety Board and the Federal Aviation Administration, 6 pilot-raters classified aircrew, supervisory, organizational, and environmental causal factors associated with 1020 commercial aviation accidents that occurred over a 13-year period. Results: The majority of accident causal factors were attributed to aircrew and the environment, with decidedly fewer associated with supervisory and organizational causes. Comparisons were made between HFACS causal categories and traditional situational variables such as visual conditions, injury severity, and regional differences. Conclusion: These data will provide support for the continuation, modification, and/or development of interventions aimed at commercial aviation safety. Application: HFACS provides a tool for assessing human factors associated with accidents and incidents.

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 49, No. 2, 227-242 (2007)
DOI: 10.1518/001872007X312469
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