This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Wilson, K. A. Articles by Andrews, D. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Wilson, K. A. Articles by Andrews, D. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Errors in the Heat of Battle: Taking a Closer Look at Shared Cognition Breakdowns Through Teamwork

University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, kwilson{at}ist.ucf.edu

Eduardo Salas

University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida

Heather A. Priest

University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida

Dee Andrews

Air Force Research Laboratory, Mesa, Arizona

Objective: We developed a theoretically based taxonomy for classifying shared cognition breakdowns related to teamwork which contribute to fratricide incidents. Background: Fratricide on the battlefield is an inescapable cost of war. A number of technological advancements have been made in terms of combat identification systems to reduce the risk of these incidents. However, fratricide continues to occur at alarming rates. Method: We take a human-centered approach to understanding errors leading to fratricide incidents by focusing on shared cognition. We turn to the literature and provide the theoretical foundations for an error classification taxonomy to improve understanding of why fratricide incidents occur. Results: Based on our review of the literature, we identified a number of problem areas leading to fratricide incidents. However, many of the cited contributing factors were broad terms (e.g., poor coordination) and did little to tell us why the breakdown occurred and where improvements are needed. Therefore, we chose to focus on one specific area — teamwork breakdowns — and discuss in depth how these breakdowns contribute to fratricide. Conclusion: In this paper, we take a first step toward proposing a taxonomy that allows for the diagnostic assessment of what causes teamwork breakdowns in fratricide. We understand that a taxonomy is only as good as the data available and encourage richer case studies from which to learn. Application: To apply this taxonomy in an operational setting, we provide a set of behavioral markers that can be used to identify teamwork breakdowns on the battlefield.

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 49, No. 2, 243-256 (2007)
DOI: 10.1518/001872007X312478


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. B. Sheridan Risk, Human Error, and System Resilience: Fundamental Ideas Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, June 1, 2008; 50(3): 418 - 426. [Abstract] [PDF]

				E. Salas, N. J. Cooke, and M. A. Rosen On Teams, Teamwork, and Team Performance: Discoveries and Developments Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, June 1, 2008; 50(3): 540 - 547. [Abstract] [PDF]