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The Interaction of Cognitive Load and Attention-Directing Cues in Driving

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Savoy, Illinois, chinglee{at}illinois.edu

John D. Lee

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Linda Ng Boyle

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa

Objective: This study investigated the effect of a nondriving cognitively loading task on the relationship between drivers’ endogenous and exogenous control of attention. Background: Previous studies have shown that cognitive load leads to a withdrawal of attention from the forward scene and a narrowed field of view, which impairs hazard detection. Method: Posner’s cue-target paradigm was modified to study how endogenous and exogenous cues interact with cognitive load to influence drivers’ attention in a complex dynamic situation. In a driving simulator, pedestrian crossing signs that predicted the spatial location of pedestrians acted as endogenous cues. To impose cognitive load on drivers, we had them perform an auditory task that simulated the demands of emerging in-vehicle technology. Irrelevant exogenous cues were added to half of the experimental drives by including scene clutter. Results: The validity of endogenous cues influenced how drivers scanned for pedestrian targets. Cognitive load delayed drivers’ responses, and scene clutter reduced drivers’ fixation durations to pedestrians. Cognitive load diminished the influence of exogenous cues to attract attention to irrelevant areas, and drivers were more affected by scene clutter when the endogenous cues were invalid. Conclusion: Cognitive load suppresses interference from irrelevant exogenous cues and delays endogenous orienting of attention in driving. Application: The complexity of everyday tasks, such as driving, is better captured experimentally in paradigms that represent the interactive nature of attention and processing load.

Key Words: dual-task performance • attention • attentional processes • control of attention • driver behavior • in-vehicle technology • surface transportation systems • driver attention • hazard detection • field of view • pedestrian crossing signs • mergin in-vehilce technology • scene clutter • drivers' fixation durations • cue-target paradigm • cognitive load • endogenous and exogenous cues • target decision •

This version was published on June 1, 2009

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 51, No. 3, 271-280 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0018720809337814


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